What are the best treatments for Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper

What are the best treatments for Post traumatic stress disorder - Research Paper Example The current prevalence of PTSD in the United States as presented by The National Comorbidity Survey Replication is approximately 6.8 percent in the adult population. The annual prevalence of the condition is 3.5 percent. It has also been assessed that the prevalence in females is twice as compared to that in males. PTSD is a condition which is linked with other comorbid psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder, social phobia and bipolar disorder. The National Comorbidity Survey has also presented that secondary psychiatric conditions may also result due to PTSD which include mood disorders or indulgence in substance abuse. PTSD not only affects the mental functioning of an individual but it also tends to raise the risk of pathological conditions like congestive cardiac pathologies as well as hypertension, renal and hepatic disorders. (Ivanova 314). The main etiological factor for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is considered to be a traumatic encounter which affects the individual psychologically (Walsh 65). This leads to the development of the three main symptoms of the condition which include â€Å"terror, shame and helplessness.† (Krippner 11). It needs to be understood that not all individuals who are exposed to traumatic events develop PTSD. A study conducted to review the causes of PTSD revealed that traumatic experiences like sexual assault and physical abuse made an individual more prone to develop PTSD. But other factors like genetics, the personality of an individual, educational qualifications as well as social assistance also play a role and make certain individuals more susceptible whereas protect others from developing this condition (Ford 56). Psychological trauma can occur due to many reasons which include combat, accidents, sexual assault, physical and sexual abuse. In the year 2005, the Royal College of Psychiatrists explained that PTSD may occur due to various reasons. These included army combats, terrorist

Listed buildings can improve by new materials Essay

Listed buildings can improve by new materials - Essay Example Windows, for example, are the eyes of a building. Windows replacement in listed buildings, if not done benignly can harm the aesthetic sense of the whole area. Windows should be repaired in stead of totally replacing them. Traditional types of window designs should not be discarded at all. Preference in window replacement should be on retaining the traditional window or a ditto copy of the traditional window and discourage modern window or the use of double-glazed window in listed buildings. As an option, current windows should be draught strip or loaded with secondary glazing. The double-glazed units in UPVC, aluminium or timber frames not only affect the ambience but reduce the value of the property. Traditional buildings can not ‘breathe’ if draughts are removed encouraging condensation in the invisible parts of the building. Secondary glazing should be the right option to insulate the building in stead of double-glazing (Peak District National Park Authority, 2011). Compatibility of materials plays a crucial part in reducing decay of the building’s fabric or fittings. Materials need to be suitable to the situation of the building, as stated in Regulation 7 of the Building Regulations Materials and Workmanship that state: â€Å"Building work shall be carried out†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with adequate and proper materials which†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... Materials that go well in resemblance with the old materials need to be preferred as they add to the aesthetic unity of the building in the long as well as the short period of time. Impact of the new materials in no way should be harmful to the porous structure parts. Visibly and technical similar-looking materials can provide the same level of breathability under similar circumstances. Soft or porous materials such as paint, mortars, plasters and renders, the modern means of construction, react variously to air, moisture and design of the structure. Whenever starting an improvement of the building, its type of construction and its wear and tear over the time needs to be understood besides compatibility of the changes. Using modern alternatives or hard and strong materials into porous old construction should always be discouraged; it is a wrong trend, which can later on create problems such as using cement based mixes for plasters, renders and pointing would not be compatible in flex ural power and permeability; it can cause risks such as salt migration and harm the building (English Heritage, 2010). All arguments against improving a structure with new materials stress on the breathability aspect for gaining long life and optimum performance from all old buildings. Permeability in new materials can fill that gap to help in the breathing of the old buildings where they are installed or fixed. Experiments on materials usage and techniques normally should not be encouraged and used sparingly because their long-term effects have not been substantiated yet. Some new synthetic or natural materials are still advisable if used tactfully for porous insulation for example such

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther’s Protestant Reformation Essay Martin Luther was the most influential person of the 15th and 16th century the reason being he rebelled against the catholic church the highest authority in the world at that time. When Martin Luther went against the church he not only reformed Christianity but reformed every person in Europe into a thinking human being. So when looking at the most influential people of the time Martin Luther paved the path for all modern sciences. Martin Luther’s Ninety Five Theses showed obvious faults and corruption throughout the Catholic Church. When looking at Martin Luther’s ideals he showed that the Catholic Church had made up rules that could not be found in the bible. Due to this finding he led the Protestants into a more direct translation of the bible. One of his largest accomplishments was the translation of the bible into the German language. By translating the bible out of Latin and into German he placed the interpretation of the word of god into the hands of people who had been simply told god’s word from a Catholic stand point. By shining light on the problems of the Catholic Church Martin Luther created a wave of people with minds of their own. By giving people a reason and the power to think for themselves he lit the powder keg for the exit of the middle ages and entrance into the renaissance and the scientific revolution. And when looking at the scientific revolution one can speculate that if Martin Luther’s Protestant reformation had not taken place when it did the Catholic Church would most likely have crushed any new scientific ideas that did not conform to the teachings of the church. To prove that the speculation has weight one can look at how the Catholic Church employed major censorship of the Protestant teachings. Martin Luther was the most influential person of the 15th and 16th century because he shined light upon the power of the human mind. By empowering people he gifted the world with the spark that led to the scientific revolution and the split of the Catholic religion.

Janet Jackson :: essays research papers

Janet Jackson was born in Gary Indiana on May 16, 1966. She is a member of the Jackson Family musical dynasty. Her most famous family members include Jermaine, Stephen, Jackie, Tito, Marlon,and Michael whom were all part of the musical group the Jackson 5. The most famous of the brothers is Michael whom helped Janet begin her musical career. Like many of the women in show business today, Janet has been faced with many obstacles in her life. Despite all of the problems, Janet has overcome most of them and has become one of the biggest successes in the entertainment world today. During Janet’s young years she was forced to deal with difficult conditions at home. She recalls in an interview with Steve Pond in the December 1997 issue of ‘US magazine, "My father whipped me one time when I was a kid. But there was no rape or crap like that. You can begin to see how you feel less-than, not worthy, fraudulent. And that’s how I grew up feeling."(2) Despite problems with other family members Janet was always close with her mother. She said in the same interview with Steve Pond, "Mother always could feel when I wasn’t doing well, and she was incredible supportive." In Janet’s life, as well as in the lives of the other Jackson’s, there seemed to be so much pressure for success, but they all seemed to lack self-esteem. By the time she was twenty-one, Janet was breaking away from the shyness she once possessed, and stopped living in the shadows of Michael and the other Jackson family members. She produced Rhythm Nation in black and white and made this statement, "I would hope that everyone will understand that once black represents something good. That’s why we were all dressed in black†¦Black is so beautiful to me."(3) Janet decided to set a new agenda whenever she produced the Virgin Records album, titled janet. She had a reason for naming her album janet. She describes her reason in an interview by Steve Pond. She said, "I prefer ‘Janet.’ It was always my dream for no one to know that I was a Jackson. I wanted them to accept me for me and to not know anything more than that. I wanted to take my last name off the very first album I ever did."(4) When she named her album "janet" she was taking her steps in breaking away from the Jackson name she had always wanted to avoid.

Mattel Toy Recall Essay

1. What are the main issues involved in the case? Mattel had five recalls in 2007 involving over 21 million toys. The problems were related to lead paint and poorly designed magnets. Most of the toys were made in China, which caused them to question the reliability of the Chinese manufacturers. At first, Mattel tried to put all the blame on the Chinese manufacturers as a denial tactic. They also claimed the media and government overly magnified the crisis. Mattel also failed to notify the CPSC of the defects within the time limit of 24 hours. It took them nearly a month and a half to notify the CPSC. Even though the recalls were in 2007, there were incidents/injuries reported in 2003 with children needing surgery because of the toy defects. One death was recorded. 2. Identify the major stakeholders and state how the issues in the case affect each stakeholder. Competitors: Because Mattel is such a large and trusted company that outsources, customers were nervous to trust other companies that outsourced. Who was to say they did not have the same issues as Mattel? Investors: Stocks dropped and investors lost money. They ended up suing based on allegations of failure to disclose recalls in a timely manner, and failure to have proper protocols to avoid recalls. Customers: Many children were injured and required surgery, and one child even died. Parents lost faith in Mattel and created lawsuits against them. Employees: Because of the accusations on the Chinese manufacturers, job security in China all but diminished. Job security and pay decreased in America too because of the fines from the CPSC, and the cost of the recalls. 3. How could this case be viewed from an ethical perspective? It was Mattel’s job to report the incident in a specific time limit, which they failed to do. They could have warned parents approximately a month and a half earlier, possibly saving children from painful injuries and surgeries. Mattel also put the blame on the Chinese and did not own up to their own mistakes. 4. What final conclusions or recommendations would you draw? Immediately tackle any issues or problems that arise to avoid a larger fiasco. Implement higher standards and checks to ensure the safety of the products. Follow all government statues and be sure that the outsource countries have the same or similar regulations and priorities that we hold.

Essay on Abortion is More Beneficial to Society Than it is...

Abortion. The mere mention of that word can pit friend against friend, parent against child, teacher against student. It’s an argument that has been going on for as long as women have had unintended pregnancies. American law currently permits abortion, but it varies from state to state where the cutoff is in the gestation period. The fact that abortion is legal in the United States is a cause of much distress to many pro-life advocates. These people believe that life begins at conception, and that abortion is basically murder. They rely heavily on faith-based argument and don’t leave room for much scientific fact. When addressing the abortion issue, one must focus on three main points: other possible means of birth control, a woman’s†¦show more content†¦This is where abortion comes in for the average individual who has a chance pregnancy. The probability of a person having an abortion is sadly directly related to their religious beliefs (Hardin 14). Many religions believe that life begins at conception. However, Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in 1973 and the government stated that when life begins at the point when the fetus is able to survive outside its mother’s womb (Frantz 1). It is offered by the government as a freedom and individual right of a woman to decide if she wants to have an abortion (Frantz 1). Induced abortion is one of the oldest and most widely used methods throughout the world; this is done by the destruction of the fetus (Silmon 1). There are five kinds of induced abortions: Suction aspiration, Dilation and curettage and D E, Protaglandin, Salt Poisoning, and Hysterotomy (Willke 29). This has offered women the right to have an abortion as long as they meet the deadline prior to the fetus becoming viable. Since Roe v. Wade passed in 1973, the laws on abortion have changed from the 1960’s. In the 1960’s, 41 states allowed abortion as long as the woman was in danger of her health or go ing to die (Silmon 1). After Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court ruled that a fetus was not a person until viability and therefore not protected by the constitution (Silmon 34). Therefore, a woman was given the right to choose whether orShow MoreRelated Pro-Child / Pro-Choice: An Exercise in Doublethink? by Judith A. Boss1632 Words   |  7 PagesIn her essay â€Å"Pro-Child / Pro-Choice: An Exercise in Doublethink?† Judith A. Boss deconstructs the argument supporting legalized abortion on the basis that it is beneficial to children in general. Boss presents the oft-used slogan of the pro-choice position, â€Å"Pro-Child / Pro-Choice†. She maintains that this slogan seems closely related to â€Å"newspeak†, which she characterizes as â€Å"†¦vocabulary pared down to a minimum so that whole ideologies are expressed in a single slogan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (156-7). The term â€Å"newspeak†Read MoreIntro/ Overview. . This Is The Cultural Perspective1528 Wor ds   |  7 Pagessystem. Castes are hierarchical; each caste has a different status in society and access to power. Castes have their own subcultures, dialects and specific deities. (India, 2008) Gender roles in Indian families are traditionally patriarchal. It is said that a woman must first obey her father, then her husband, and then her son. Males are the head of the household, and arranged marriages are still common today. Read more: http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/India.html#ixzz4b9oWEFop AccordingRead MoreAbortion : A Choice Against Women By Fr. Frank Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion is an extremely heated topic in America and throughout the world. As a woman, I am interested in reading both sides of the debate. Reading very persuasive things from both sides can sometimes make it hard to know where you stand, but every now and again an article like Abortion: A Choice Against Women by Fr. Frank A. Pavone, National Director of Priest for Life comes along and you laugh. As a stable, functioning human being we should all be entitled to make our own decisions. To Pavone,Read MoreEffects Of Birth Control On Children1719 Words   |  7 Pagesand cause no harm to the person taking it, while others feel that they are harmful to the body and do more destruction than improvement. Examples of these controversial drugs include Accutane, flu shots, Prozac, and birth control. One of the most common of these drugs is birth control. Birth control is a drug that may be used in various ways. It is mainly taken to prevent pregnancy, make menstrual cycles lighter and more regular, and help prevent or treat certain diseases or conditions. Birth controlRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion should abortion be legal is a resounding no. There are always alternatives to abortion, despite whether people acknowledge them or not. This is the case, especially, in instances such as a rape or a cephalopelvic disproportion; the cases where people say there is ambiguity in the morality of abortion. Although this is not the most popular answer among citizens, abortion just has no real reason to be legal. Although there will be much opposition to the claim, when abortion is legal, it allowsRead MoreEssay about Protect the Future1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbe implemented in every school district across the United States. Many individuals believe in using protection like condoms. Yet many may hold some kind of complex at how society may view them. This includes friends, families, and society. There is a stigma when it dealing with society/adults and teenagers. On one account, society/adults have a yearning to prevent teens from repeating any past sexual mistakes. On the other hand, most teenagers are already experimenting with sex. It appears very difficultRead MoreAnimal Testing Essay1194 Words   |  5 Pageswrong based on these premises: there are available alternatives to direct testing on live animals, the results acquired rom the tests are inaccurate and repetitive, and ultimately it is speciesism, which is comparable to racism and sexism. Today’s society has progressed in other aspects, it is time for in-obligatory animal testing to be abolished. Cruelty to animals is inexcusable, avoidable and thoroughly repelling. In the past, humans have tested on animals because they were the best availableRead MoreSociology - Family Unit1057 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity Functions ( beneficial amp; critical view) Characteristics of lone-parent family Reasons for increase in lone parent families Features of families in contemporary society Reasons for increase in divorce rate Reasons for increase in cohabitation Reasons for increase in birth outside marriage Definitions Family: A group of people consisting of adults and their children, who live with each other. The adults are generally married. Household: One or more people living in theRead More Embryonic Stem Cell Research: How does it affect you? Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesethics of Embryonic Stem (ES) cell research have created pandemonium in our society. The different views on this subject are well researched and supportive. The facts presented have the capability to support or possibly change the public’s perspective. This case study is based on facts and concerns that much of the research done on embryonic stem cells is derived from human embryos. This case study will provide others with a more in depth view of both sides of this great debate. In biological termsRead MoreAbortion From The Perspective Of Moral Philosophies Essay2254 Words   |  10 PagesAbortion from the Perspective of Moral Philosophies Abortion has been and still is a very controversial topic. Many people debate whether abortion is an act of murder or an act of agency. Is a person pro-choice or pro-life? Abortion is no light subject. Chances are that people will always dispute its terms. Many believe that abortion is an answer to population control. Others believe that the earth will be able to sustain itself to provide for new life. To help decipher this moral dilemma, moral

Heroin Use, Abuse And Addiction - 1876 Words

Heroin use, abuse and addiction has been a major issue in our society. Considered a worldwide social problem, heroin abuse has been on the rise and as of late has reached epidemic proportions. Locally, the city of Erie and neighboring counties have also been affected by this wide-ranging drug trend. Heroin abuse brings violent crime, economically compulsive and systemic violent crime to a community, along with homelessness, as well as diseases, such as HIV and Hepatitis C. Another problem impossible for the compassionate and humanitarians to ignore is the amount of deaths and struggles those addicted to heroin are experiencing. Because of these chronic social issues that are not being resolved well enough through treatments such as Methadone and Narcotics Anonymous, alternative treatments should be explored and could be incorporated into treatment plans for those addicted to heroin. For a person who is abusing heroin, two obstacles must be overcome for treatment to be a success. The short term effects of heroin treatment involve withdrawing from the drug. Because heroin creates such a strong physical dependence, an addict will often continue taking the drug in order to ward off the physical pain of withdrawal symptoms. The second obstruction is the ability to stay off the drug. â€Å"After detoxification, the long-term problem of drug dependence remains. The craving for heroin persists and the abuser most often has little choice but to return to a drug-orientatedShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drug Abuse Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In our society Heroin, has become an overpowering epidemic around the world, this drug is extremely addictive and has been illegal in the United States for many years. Although many individuals seem to discover a way to obtain this very lethal drug. Even though, heroin is highly addictive and used by choice by an individual with a drug addiction; the number of deaths from Heroin is escalating daily, to the point where more than 26 overdoses in one day maybe even more. This epidemic needsRead MoreHeroin Addiction : The United States1743 Words   |  7 PagesHeroin Addiction in the United States Overview of Heroin Addiction in the U.S. Heroin addiction is one of the leading killers of adolescents and adults in the United States. In recent years, addiction has skyrocketed, and â€Å"the rate of heroin-related overdose deaths increased by 286 percent between 2002 and 2013.† In 2002, â€Å"100 people per 100,000 were addicted to heroin, and that number has doubled by 2013† (The National Institute on Drug Abuse 2013). The most affected populations include low incomeRead MoreSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy?889 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy The use of controlled substances throughout pregnancy is a very prevalent issue among society today. Controlled substances have devastating effects on not only the mothers using the substances, but also infants while they are in utero and after they are born. Many infants born to mothers, who are abusing drugs, suffer from life threatening illnesses and are forever affected through adulthood. Specifically, heroin is a common drug form that is often used during pregnancyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Treatment For Pain Management1396 Words   |  6 Pagesproducing addiction. Prescribed painkillers abuse has been linked to heroin addiction. Both prescribed opioids and heroin work by attaching to opioid receptors which reduce the sensation of pain, and create a sense of euphoria. Unlike many other drugs, heroin is usually injected, causing the drug to increase a person’s risk of infection. I chose heroin rehabilitation as my focus because I have noticed an increase in cases being re ported over the past several years. Since the usage of heroin has increasedRead Morenegative impact of drugs1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheir family Drugs, such as heroin, cocaine, and prescription pain relievers encompass negative effects on users and his or her family members physically and mentally, however there are various treatment options for the drug or drugs abused. In 2003, 7.1% of Americans aged 12 or older were classified as current substance abusers. Statistically significant increases in the use of heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and pain relievers were reported from 2000 to 2001 (Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesRead MoreHeroin Drug Use And Its Effects On The United States951 Words   |  4 PagesHeroin is an addictive, illegal opioid painkiller derived from morphine. This analgesic drug produces stress-relieving effects along with a sense of euphoria. Addiction to heroin generally begins as an addiction to another substance: marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, or prescription painkillers. Overdose on heroin can cause many complications including coma and death. This risk is commonly increased by combining heroin with alcohol or by cutting it in with other drugs. Injection of heroin also puts oneRead MoreA Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor857 Words   |  4 Pagessome extent. In other words, licensed chemical dependency counselors es tablish and implement treatments to help people cure their addictions from substances which they are chemically dependent on. Second, the nature of chemical dependency is to be acknowledged. The nature of chemical dependency is not very well understood by human population. Many people see addictions as diseases, immoral behaviors or sins, as maladaptive behaviors, and some may view such substance dependence as out of control behaviorsRead MoreDrug Abuse And The Consequences Of Drug Addiction1593 Words   |  7 PagesDrug addiction has become prevalent in our societies today such as the use of heroin. Using Marc, Lewis (2011) text â€Å"Memoirs of an Addicted Brain: A Neuroscientist Examines his Former Life on Drugs† this paper focuses on drug abuse, heroin, and the consequences that the users face as they battle their addiction and related problems. In the text, chapter 8 provides a significant background and overview of Heroin as a drug, hence major section of this paper wi ll rely on facts provided within this chapterRead MoreAddiction Changes The Way The Brain Processes Information964 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction changes the way the brain processes information. To understand addiction, you first must learn its language—how addiction develops and why addicts continue to use despite the harm it inevitably causes. Addiction is a mysterious illness because it seems to make such little sense to the onlooker and even to the addict. Addicts are prone to repeating their poor choices because they do not process information correctly. All addicts have poor insight and poor judgment when using. It is partRead MorePain Killers Analysis987 Words   |  4 PagesPainkillers Seen as a Gateway to Heroin† article illustrates the possibility that opiate prescriptions open the door to addictions such as heroin. Summary: The article starts with the role prescription opiates might play in encouraging patients to become a heroine addict. Last week Philip Seymour Hoffman died at 46 of an heroin overdose. His heroin addiction ended 20 years ago and as years passed he struggled with a habit involving painkillers. The heroin addict pre-1990s used heroin and experienced withdrawal